Building the dataset

Substation: represents the physical location where equipment is grouped.

VoltageLevel: partitions the substation according to operating voltage.

BaseVoltage: standard reference voltage associated with a voltage level.

PowerTransformer: equipment used to connect different voltage levels.

PowerTransformerEnd: describes the individual winding of a transformer.

Each transformer is expressed through its PowerTransformer entity and associated PowerTransformerEnd elements.

Hierarchy is captured by linking VoltageLevel to BaseVoltage, ensuring consistent reference to nominal operating values.

Connectivity between transformer ends is represented through terminals. Two PowerTransformerEnd terminals are associated via a TopologyNode, establishing the link within the network model.

Each PowerTransformer instance may represent multiple physical transformers in the field, reflecting redundancy and aggregated modelling.

This abstraction supports grid security (N-1) planning, ensuring the model can reflect operation under the loss of one transformer while maintaining service continuity.

Contingency: represents a condition or event that may lead to congestion, such as equipment outage or high demand.

ContingencyEquipment: links a contingency to specific items of equipment.

PowerTransformer: equipment that may be subject to congestion when associated with a contingency.

ContingencyEquipment is used to associate a Contingency with a PowerTransformer, explicitly marking transformers under congestion.

This association allows data consumers to trace where congestion is present in the grid.

Congestion cascades through the network: once a transformer is marked as congested, the effect can be followed through the connected topology to understand its impact on zones and demand areas.

Representing congestion in this way supports planning and investment decisions, by making it possible to identify which parts of the grid require reinforcement or expansion.

ConnectivityNode: connection point in the network, linked to terminals.

Terminal: represents a conducting connection; here associated with a PowerTransformerEnd.

BoundaryPoint: represents the boundary point between TSO/TSO, TSO/DSO and/or SO/customer.

OperatingShare: specifies the share of operational responsibility.

OperatingParticipant: represents an entity with operational responsibility.

VoltageLevel: partitions a substation by operating voltage and can be linked to operating shares and participants.

A ConnectivityNode is associated with a Terminal from a PowerTransformerEnd, forming the electrical point of interconnection.

A BoundaryPoint is linked to the ConnectivityNode, marking the boundary point in the grid.

This boundary indicates where responsibility shifts from one system operator to another, or to an end customer.

Ownership of a VoltageLevel is captured using OperatingShare and OperatingParticipant, ensuring the model can represent shared or full responsibility among multiple parties.

GeographicalRegion: high-level area used as a country indicator (e.g. NL).

SubGeographicalRegion: subdivision of a geographical region, used to denote the responsible system operator.

Zone: represents a spatial area; may correspond to a postal code region or a cbs:buurt (neighbourhood).

VoltageLevel: partitions a substation by operating voltage and can be linked to one or more zones.

WorkLocation: represents the spatial focus of planned or ongoing work activities, supporting geographically targeted programmes.

A GeographicalRegion is used to identify the country in which the modelled data applies (e.g. NL).

Each SubGeographicalRegion represents a system operator’s area of responsibility within the country.

A VoltageLevel is associated with one or more Zone entities, enabling representation of postal code coverage and neighbourhoods.

A Zone may be defined as a cbs:buurt, providing alignment with external statistical or administrative boundaries.

Multiple VoltageLevel instances may supply a single Zone, reflecting dependency on topology and real-world distribution arrangements.

WorkLocation is linked to VoltageLevel and is used to capture work activities in the context of the Buurtgebonden aanpak (neighbourhood-oriented programme).

Asset: represents the physical instance of equipment in the field.

WorkTask: a defined task carried out as part of a work activity.

Work: a collection of tasks, representing a cohesive body of work.

Project: groups together multiple work activities, typically for strategic objectives such as network reinforcement or expansion.

The model distinguishes between function (e.g. PowerTransformer) and asset (e.g. Asset) to separate equipment functionality from their physical representation.

Each Asset is linked to a PowerTransformer, enabling the association of physical equipment with the functional topology.

WorkTask aggregates into Work, which in turn is organised under a Project.

This structure allows projects to be explicitly linked to assets, ensuring visibility of work undertaken to expand available transport capacity.