Boundary Point

Boundary points define the places in the grid where responsibility for operation changes hands. These points capture the interface between system operators or between an operator and an end customer, and they are essential for modelling ownership and accountability within the network.

Core entities

  • ConnectivityNode: connection point in the network, linked to terminals.

  • Terminal: represents a conducting connection; here associated with a PowerTransformerEnd.

  • BoundaryPoint: represents the boundary point between TSO/TSO, TSO/DSO and/or SO/customer.

  • OperatingShare: specifies the share of operational responsibility.

  • OperatingParticipant: represents an entity with operational responsibility.

  • VoltageLevel: partitions a substation by operating voltage and can be linked to operating shares and participants.

Modelling choices

  • A ConnectivityNode is associated with a Terminal from a PowerTransformerEnd, forming the electrical point of interconnection.

  • A BoundaryPoint is linked to the ConnectivityNode, marking the boundary point in the grid.

  • This boundary indicates where responsibility shifts from one system operator to another, or to an end customer.

  • Ownership of a VoltageLevel is captured using OperatingShare and OperatingParticipant, ensuring the model can represent shared or full responsibility among multiple parties.