Topology
Topology describes the structural arrangement of equipment within the electrical network. In this context, the model focuses on representing substations and the main elements that define voltage levels and connectivity between them. The aim is to provide just enough information for consistent representation of network hierarchy and interconnection points.
Core entities
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Substation: represents the physical location where equipment is grouped.
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VoltageLevel: partitions the substation according to operating voltage.
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BaseVoltage: standard reference voltage associated with a voltage level.
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PowerTransformer: equipment used to connect different voltage levels.
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PowerTransformerEnd: describes the individual winding of a transformer.
Modelling choices
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Each transformer is expressed through its PowerTransformer entity and associated PowerTransformerEnd elements.
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Hierarchy is captured by linking VoltageLevel to BaseVoltage, ensuring consistent reference to nominal operating values.
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Connectivity between transformer ends is represented through terminals. Two PowerTransformerEnd terminals are associated via a TopologyNode, establishing the link within the network model.
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Each PowerTransformer instance may represent multiple physical transformers in the field, reflecting redundancy and aggregated modelling.
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This abstraction supports grid security (N-1) planning, ensuring the model can reflect operation under the loss of one transformer while maintaining service continuity.